Secondhand Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy and Mothers' Subsequent Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis Scientific Reports Vaping and Pregnancy: Are E Cigarettes Really Any Safer for You and Your Baby? Vaping while pregnant could cause birth defects VCU News Virginia Commonwealth University Health Effects of Maternal Exposure to Thirdhand Chemical Residue from Vape Aerosols Persist Long After Infancy Thirdhand Smoke Resource Center 2nd Hand Vape Smoke And Pregnancy In the United States, about 8% of all women who are pregnant smoke cigarettes, and another roughly 4% report using electronic cigarettes or vapes. To learn Health Risks of Secondhand Smoke and Aerosols Factsheet US EPA